Peter Paul Rubens (1577–1640) was a prolific and influential Flemish Baroque painter known for his dynamic compositions, vibrant use of color, and mastery of movement. Born in Siegen, Germany, and raised in Antwerp, Rubens became a dominant figure in European art, blending the dramatic intensity of the Baroque style with classical influences from his studies in Italy. His works are characterized by their energetic compositions and grandeur, often depicting religious, mythological, and historical themes. Rubens was renowned for his ability to convey the human figure in motion, using dramatic lighting and bold, flowing brushstrokes to create a sense of vitality and emotion. His masterpieces, such as “The Descent from the Cross” and “The Judgement of Paris,” exemplify his technical brilliance and narrative skill. In addition to his career as a painter, Rubens was a diplomat and art collector, which further enhanced his standing in European courts. His workshop in Antwerp was highly productive, employing many assistants, including notable artists such as Anthony van Dyck. Rubens’ influence extended beyond his lifetime, shaping the development of European art for centuries. His exuberant style and celebration of the human form made him one of the most revered artists of the Baroque period.