James Duncan (1804-1861) was a Scottish naturalist whose contributions spanned both entomology and publishing. After receiving his education in Edinburgh, Duncan initially followed the family tradition by working in the Scottish church. However, he later transitioned to collaborating with publishing firms. Notably, he assisted in producing an index for the Encyclopaedia Britannica. Duncan’s entomological work included writing “Entomologia Edinensis: Or A Description and History of the Insects Found in Edinburgh” (1834) and contributing to William Jardine’s “The Naturalist’s Library” with a section on “Beetles, British and Foreign” (1835). His interest in bees led to the publication of “Bees: Comprehending the Uses and Economical Management of the Honey-Bee of Britain and Other Countries” (1859). Duncan’s legacy endures through his writings and dedication to the natural world.